精选翻译语料

我精选了中译英和英译中的翻译语料，这部分内容适用于CET-4水平的英语学习者。

中译英

迈出第一步

Get your foot in the door

1 在我国，许多来自农村的大学生毕业后优先选择回家乡创业，而不是在大城市找一份高薪工作。（priority）
In China, many university students from the countryside take returning to their hometowns after graduation to start businesses as their priority instead of finding a well-paid job in the city.

2 无论从事什么职业，你都需要具备解决问题的技能——这能让你确定问题的根源并找到有效的解决方案。（Whatever …）
Whatever career you are in, you need to have problem-solving skills, which enable you to determine the source of a problem and find an effective solution.

3 在中国，每年有数百万大学生参加研究生入学考试（National Postgraduate Entrance Examination），因为很多人认为拥有硕士学位能改善自己的就业前景。（improve one’s prospects）
In China, millions of university students take part in the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination every year, because many of them think having a master’s degree would improve their prospects in their search for a job.

4 新时代的中国年轻人有丰富的新职业可选择，如电子竞技员、互联网营销师。（an abundance of）
In the new era, young people in China have an abundance of new career options, such as e-sports players and Internet marketing specialists.

5 学位课程取得好成绩对就业成功非常重要。（degree course；get ahead）
Good academic records in degree courses are important for you to get ahead in the job market.

内在的力量

Strength from within

1 越来越多的中国家长在管教孩子时能够与他们共情，而不仅仅是批评他们的错误行为。（discipline; empathize with）
More and more Chinese parents can empathize with their children when disciplining them, rather than merely criticize their wrong behavior.

2 同理心强的人往往能够对他人的情绪困扰做出高度准确的（accurate）反应。（level of empathy; emotional upset）
People with high levels of empathy tend to give highly accurate responses to others’ emotional upsets.

3 她曾经感受过被他人误解的痛苦，因此能够同情身陷同样处境的人。（have compassion for）
She has experienced the pain of being misunderstood by others, so she has compassion for those in the same situation.

4 作为发展中国家，中国对其他发展中国家面临的困难感同身受。（relate to）
As a developing country itself, China can relate to the difficulties that other developing countries are facing.

5 有许多自我调节的策略可以缓解焦虑，例如，聆听古琴曲可以帮助你平静下来。（self-regulation strategy; calm down）
There are many self-regulation strategies that can ease anxiety, for example, listening to the guqin can help you calm down.

全民健身

Sports for all

1 回顾2008年北京夏季奥运会，我们会想起许多令人难忘的时刻和鼓舞人心的画面。（take a look back at; inspiring）
Taking a look back at the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games, we will recall many memorable moments and inspiring scenes.

2 为了提高全民健康水平，中国政府鼓励市民利用社区周边的设施来锻炼身体。（utilize facility）
To improve the health of the population, the Chinese government encourages citizens to utilize facilities around their communities to do exercise.

3 我觉得没有什么比身体健康更重要了，因此我一直坚持体育锻炼。（ nothing… like ）
I think nothing is more important than being healthy, so I keep doing exercise.

4 许多来中国参加2022年北京冬奥会的运动员都被奥运村先进的设施所震撼。（ be struck by）
Many athletes who came to China to participate in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were struck by the advanced facilities in the Olympic Village.

5 她对游泳这项运动始终保持着热情，多年来坚持刻苦训练，最终进入了国家队。（maintain; make it）
She has maintained a passion for swimming and has been training hard for many years, eventually making it to the national team.

休闲时间

Time off

1 书法给人一种很难掌握的印象。但只要你开始练习并坚持下去，你会乐在其中。（give the impression that …）
Calligraphy gives the impression that it is hard to learn, but once you start practicing and stick to it, you will enjoy it.

2 中国式现代化是物质文明和精神文明相协调的现代化。中国居民从日益多样化的文化活动中得到满足。（feel utterly fulfilled by …）
Chinese modernization is the modernization of material and cultural-ethical advancement. Chinese people feel utterly fulfilled by the increasingly diverse cultural activities.

3 胡同里经常有人下象棋，还有很多人围观。如果胜负难决，他们也乐得平局。（call it a draw）
There are often people playing Chinese chess in hutongs, with many people watching. If neither side is able to win, the players will be happy to call it a draw.

4 “曲水流觞（Winding stream party）”是中国古代的一种习俗，也是古代文人雅士的一种时尚休闲方式。（fashionable style）
“Winding stream party” is a custom in ancient China, and a fashionable style of leisure among ancient intellectuals.

5 我平时工作繁忙，缺乏锻炼，一般会在周末抽出一天去远足（hiking）。（lack of exercise; day off）
I’m busy at work on weekdays and lack exercise, so I usually take one day off on the weekend to go hiking.

科学赋能

Science empowers

1 中国人已经习惯了移动支付的方便快捷，很少有人带钱包出门了。（become accustomed to; mobile payment）
Chinese people have become accustomed to the convenience of mobile payment, and few people need to take their wallets when going out.

2 当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展。我们每个人都应该不断更新自己的知识和技能，跟上技术发展和社会变革的步伐。（update; the pace of）
Currently, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is well underway. Each of us should constantly update our knowledge and skills to match the pace of technological development and social change.

3 近年来，中国的线上教育资源呈现爆炸式增长，网课也越来越受到人们的欢迎。（explosive growth）
In recent years, there has been an explosive growth in online education resources in China, and online courses have become increasingly popular.

4 人工智能技术在家电行业的应用前景十分广阔。一些中国企业已经在智能家电领域取得了卓越的成绩。（artificial intelligence; home appliance）
The application prospect of artificial intelligence technology in the home appliance industry is very broad, and some Chinese enterprises have made outstanding achievements in the field of smart home appliances.

5 超级计算机“天河三号”（Tianhe-3）的成功研发使中国走在了超级计算领域的前列。（at the forefront of ）
The successful research and development of the supercomputer Tianhe-3 has put China at the forefront of the supercomputing field.

英译中

终身学习者的心态

The mindset of a lifelong learner

1 It seems that science fiction stories about machines “stealing” our jobs are coming true. This looks more realistic with today’s developments in smart electronics and artificial intelligence. The claims that machines will take away millions of jobs may only be partially true, while the exact numbers are something we cannot be certain about. In fact, the technological changes in progress will create more jobs in different sectors if history is any indication.
1 那些关于机器“偷走”我们工作的科幻故事似乎正在变成现实。随着今天智能电子技术和人工智能技术的发展，这看起来更加现实。机器将抢走数百万人工作的说法可能只是部分正确，我们无法确定确切的数字。事实上，按照历史的发展迹象来看，正在发生的技术变革将在不同的领域创造更多的就业机会。

2 The question then becomes not whether a machine will take your job, but whether you will rise to the challenge of learning to stay relevant and employed. When you become a lifelong learner and focus on continual learning of new, in-demand skills, you claim the power to face the future of work successfully.
2 那么问题就不是机器是否会抢走你的工作，而是你是否会迎接挑战，学习如何与时俱进，保住自己的工作。当你成为一个终身学习者，专注于不断学习工作所需的新技能时，你就获得了成功面对未来工作的能力。

3 What does it mean to be a lifelong learner? It is said, “Tomorrow’s illiterate will not be the man who can’t read; he will be the man who has not learned how to learn.” We must be able to see when old ideas are outdated and learn how and when to replace them. This is a cycle of “learn, unlearn, and relearn.”
3 做一个终身学习者意味着什么? 有人说：“未来的文盲不再是不识字的人，而是没有学会如何学习的人。”我们必须能够看到旧的思想何时过时，并知道如何、何时替换它们。这是一个“学习、扬弃、再学习”的循环。

4 Learning something, if you’re actually interested in it, is always enjoyable. Learning some things takes longer than others (and mastery can take a lifetime), but we do learn something every day.
4 学习一些你真正感兴趣的东西总是令人愉快的。有些东西学起来要比学其他东西花费更长的时间（达到精通可能需要一辈子的时间），但我们确实每天都在学习。

5 Unlearning, however, is something quite different. Unlearning is challenging and deconstructing things that are part of your way of thinking, acting, and reacting. There are a lot of metaphors for unlearning, such as chipping away at the old paint before you put on a fresh coat, or clearing away the weeds before planting something new. They all point to the same thing: Previous ideas, beliefs, and assumptions must be removed for a new one to flourish.
5 然而，扬弃完全是另一回事。扬弃是对思维方式、行为方式和反应方式中的一部分发起挑战，进行解构。关于扬弃有很多比喻，比如在刷新油漆之前要先把原来的刮掉，或者在开始种植之前先清除杂草。它们都指向同一件事：以前的思想、信念和假设必须被移除，新的思想、信念和假设才能蓬勃发展。

6 Unlearning can be a real shift and can change a person’s perspective entirely. It doesn’t stop there, however. We learn, unlearn, and then relearn. This cycle of a lifelong learner is so important in a world that is changing and developing at great speed. When a professor, for the first time, delivers a keynote speech online to hundreds of people on the other side of the world without leaving home, he steps out of his technological comfort zone, unlearns “old ways” of doing things, and relearns the skill of working from home.
6 扬弃可以是一个真正的转变，可以完全改变一个人的观点。然而，事情还不止于此。我们学习，扬弃，然后重新学习。在这个瞬息万变、飞速发展的世界里，这个终身学习的循环是如此重要。当一位教授第一次足不出户，向身处世界另一端的数百人发表线上主题演讲时，他走出了自己的技术舒适区，摒弃了做事的“老方法”，重新学习并学到了居家工作的技能。

7 Lifelong learning is especially important now, more than ever before. The labor market has changed considerably in the past decade, and is still changing at a rapid pace. According to a recent report, companies’ adoption of automation will transform tasks, jobs, and skills. Over the next five to ten years, employers will gradually divide work between humans and machines roughly equally. For workers set to remain in their roles, nearly half will need to retrain their core skills.
7 现在，终身学习尤其重要，比以往任何时候都重要。在过去十年中，劳动力市场发生了巨大的变化，并且仍在快速变化着。根据最近的一份报告，公司对自动化的应用将彻底改变任务、工作和所需技能。未来五到十年里，雇主会逐渐将工作任务大致平均地分配给人类和机器。对于打算留在岗位上的员工来说，近一半的人需要对自己的核心技能进行再培训。

8 Increased digitalization and globalization lead to extreme flexibility when it comes to hiring new talent. Companies choose part-time, project-based independent contractors or freelancers more than ever before. They shop for workers based on skills rather than official qualifications or job titles. Employers see skills in self-management, such as active learning, resilience, and flexibility, as growing in importance in the coming years. These skills are in addition to existing ones, such as critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
8 不断发展的数字化和全球化使得招聘新人才有了极大的灵活性。公司比以往任何时候都更多地选择兼职人员、基于项目的独立承包商或自由职业者。他们根据技能来挑选员工，而不是资历或职位头衔。雇主们认为自我管理方面的技能在未来几年将变得越来越重要，如主动学习能力、适应力和灵活性。这些技能是对现有技能的补充，如批判性思维能力和解决问题能力。

9 Mastering one skill will not ensure employment for the long-term. If you abandon learning after achieving mastery in one thing, you will still become less competitive in the labor force. To stay relevant, it is necessary to make learning new skills an ongoing habit. These truths apply to both personal and professional development.
9 熟练掌握一项技能并不能确保长期就业。如果你在精通一项技能之后放弃学习，你在劳动力市场的竞争力仍然会下降。要保持工作中的胜任力，就有必要让学习新技能成为一种持续的习惯。这对于个人发展和职业发展都适用。

10 Think of personal development as the process of learning anything that strengthens your mind and creates higher levels of self-confidence. This translates not only into greater happiness and satisfaction, but also promotes the soft skills that are appreciated in the workplace.
10 把个人发展看作是学习过程，学习所有可以强化你的头脑、提升自信的东西。这不仅会带来更强的幸福感和满足感，还会提升在职场中倍受欣赏的软技能。

11 Professional development, on the other hand, is learning transferable skills that boost your value in the workplace. Technologies and work processes change rapidly these days, and disinterest in learning their usefulness translates into disinterest in helping your employer. The outcome? You are first in line for layoffs.
11 另一方面，职业发展是学习可转移技能，提高你在职场中的价值。如今，技术和工作流程变化迅速，对学习使用它们漠不关心就等同于对帮助雇主不感兴趣。结果呢？你会是第一个被解雇的人。

12 As computers, AI systems, robots, and other machines get smarter and more capable, human workers have to do the same to stay relevant and employed. Lifelong learners invent and reinvent themselves whenever they find or create the opportunity. This is not about job-hopping. It is about ensuring you can continue to provide benefits for your current job. Even if you do have to find a new one, this will help make you a valuable asset.
12 随着计算机、人工智能系统、机器人和其他机器越来越聪明、能力越来越强，人类职员要想保持胜任工作、留在岗位上，就必须同样越来越聪明、有能力。终身学习者不管什么时候，只要能发现机会或创造机会，都会塑造、再塑造自己。这与跳槽无关。这是为了确保你能继续为目前的工作创造利益。即使你不得不去找一份新工作，这也会让你成为有价值的人才。

悲伤中的喜悦

The joy of sadness

1 Last night a thunderstorm passed through Las Vegas. The thunder was so loud and the lightning so bright that I couldn’t sleep, so I decided to get up for a while.
1 昨晚，雷暴席卷了拉斯维加斯。雷声隆隆，电光闪闪，我睡不着，决定起床待一会儿。

2 I sat in the backyard for about an hour, safely protected from the rain, watching the storm, and contemplating the nature of existence. In particular I was thinking about the different emotions we experience during our lives. Some people are sad. Others are happy. Some are angry. Others are fearful. Some are unemotional. Others are hopeful. They are all impermanent though – no emotion lasts forever.
2 我在后院坐了约一小时，安全地避开了雨，看着暴风雨，思考存在的本质，尤其是我们在生活中经历的不同情绪。有些人难过。有些人高兴。有些人生气。有些人担忧。有些人不动声色。有些人满怀希望。但它们都是暂时的——没有一种情绪会一直存在。

3 I noticed that these emotions tend to arise spontaneously in response to certain events. Something happens, and we have a certain emotional reaction to it. For the most part this response is automatic and involuntary.
3 我注意到这些情绪往往是针对某些事件自发产生的反应。当事情发生时，我们就会产生一定的情绪反应。在大多数情况下，这种反应是自动的、不由自主的。

4 When these emotions arise, they sometimes seem like the storm that rumbled around me as I sat outside last night. But even in the presence of such a storm, there’s a calm center that can be reached. Although your emotions arise within your consciousness, they are not your consciousness, and you are free to stop, breathe, and rise above them. You’ll begin to see them from a third-person perspective instead of identifying with them. Similarly, as I sat amidst the lightning, thunder, wind, and rain, I calmly observed its presence, but I chose not to identify with it. I observed the storm without becoming the storm.
4 当这些情绪出现时，有时就像昨晚我坐在外面时在我周围隆隆作响的暴风雨。但即使在这样的风暴面前，人们也可以达到一种宁静状态。虽然你的情绪出现在你的意识中，但它们不是你的意识。你可以随时停下来，喘口气，然后超脱于它们。你会开始从第三者视角看待它们，而不是认同它们。同样，当我坐在闪电、雷鸣、风雨中时，我平静地观察它的存在，但我选择不去认同它。我观察着风暴，却没有变成风暴。

5 When you experience this perspective shift, you’ll begin to notice a subtle background sensation. I hesitate to call it an emotion, since you won’t feel it on the same level in which you feel your other emotions. The best analogy I can give is to imagine watching a scary movie. In the moment you may be feeling tense, anxious, or nervous. But behind that is a more subtle sensation you might call fun, enjoyment, or pleasure.
5 当你经历这种视角转变时，你会开始留意到一种微妙的“背景感觉”。我不太愿意称它为一种情绪，因为你不会在这个层面上感受到你的其他情绪。我能做的最恰当的比喻就是想象你正在看一部恐怖电影。当下你可能会感到紧张、焦虑或不安。但在这背后是一种更微妙的感觉，或许你会称之为乐趣、享受或愉悦。

6 Similarly, when you feel sad, angry, or frustrated, you may stop and notice a different sensation behind that emotion. To observe this sensation, you must step outside of the temporary storm, and simply witness it for a while. It is a pleasurable and expansive yet calming sensation. Again, I hesitate to call it an emotion, since it isn’t felt on that level. It’s more like a state of consciousness.
6 同样，当你感到悲伤、愤怒或沮丧时，您可以停一下，留意那种情绪背后的另一种感觉。若想观察这种感觉，你必须走出暂时的风暴，简单地观察一会儿。这是一种愉悦、开朗而又平静的感觉。再说一次，我不愿将其称为情绪，因为在那个层面上是感觉不到的。它更像是一种意识状态。

7 The interesting thing about this state of consciousness is that it transforms seemingly negative emotions into more positive sensations. For example, if I’m feeling sad, I could just stop and rise above the sadness, and observe it for a while. It will transform into what I might call “beautiful melancholy.”
7 这种意识状态的有趣之处在于，它能将看似消极的情绪转化为更积极的感觉。例如，如果我感到悲伤，那我就停止悲伤，超越它，观察它一会儿，它就会变成我所说的“美丽的忧伤”。

8 This joyful transformation works for other emotions, too. For example, anger becomes humorous indignation; frustration becomes childlike anticipation; fear becomes unstoppable courage; loneliness becomes peaceful oneness; confusion becomes immersive curiosity.
8 这种快乐的转变也适用于其他情绪。例如，愤怒变成了幽默的愤慨；沮丧变成单纯的期许；恐惧变成势不可挡的勇气；寂寞变成宁静的和谐感；困惑变成了身临其境的好奇心。

9 Raising your consciousness beyond your current storm of emotions is a beautifully transforming experience. Instead of resisting your emotions, you accept them completely. This makes it possible to experience the joy behind those emotional states you might otherwise find unpleasant.
9 提升你的意识，超越当下的情绪风暴，是一种美妙的转变体验。你并没有抗拒你的情绪，而是完全接受它们。这样，你就有机会体验那些或许会觉得不愉快的情绪状态背后的快乐。

10 When you rise above your own emotional storm, you still retain access to the message behind those emotions. But now you’re in a more empowered state to consciously choose your response. You can respond to the storm intelligently without getting soaked by the rain.
10 当你超越自己的情绪风暴时，你仍然能了解这些情绪背后的信息。但你现在更有自主权，可以有意识地选择你的回应。你可以明智地应对风暴，而不会被雨水淋湿。

11 As I look outside my window right now, the storm is gone, and the sun is shining once again. No storm lasts forever. Of course, you can still extend the duration of a storm by identifying with it, becoming attached to it, and following it around wherever it goes. Many people do this with their emotional storms. But if you remain still and simply observe the storm, the storm will soon pass on its own.
11 现在，当我望向窗外时，暴风雨已经过去，阳光再次明媚。没有永远持续的风暴。当然，你仍然可以认同它、依附它并追随它，来延长风暴的持续时间。许多人用这种办法来应对他们的情绪风暴。但假如你保持平静，仅仅去观察风暴，风暴很快就会自行过去。

12 When you go out and try to battle a storm, will you ever win? Of course not. You’ll be blown around by the wind and soaked by the rain. But when you simply sit back and observe the storm, you may realize that it’s fun to watch. There’s no need to resist these emotional storms, nor to identify with them. They’re a natural part of life.
12 当你出去与风暴搏斗时，你能赢吗？肯定不能。你会被风吹得东倒西歪，被雨水浸透。但是当你只是坐下来观察风暴时，你可能会意识到观看它很有趣。没有必要抗拒这些情绪风暴，也没有必要认同它们。它们是生活中很自然的一部分。

古希腊和古代中国的体育运动

Sports in ancient Greece and ancient China

1 What do Greece and China have in common in both ancient and modern times? The two countries are separated by about 7,000 kilometers of mountains and deserts, and in the past, there was limited communication between them. Yet both bear comparison with each other in the role of sports in their societies.
1 在古代和现代，希腊和中国这两个国家有什么共同之处吗？这两个国家隔着7,000公里的山川和沙漠，过去鲜有交流。然而体育运动在两国所发挥的作用却十分相似。

2 It is true that in the ancient period, the Silk Road served as a channel of trade and cultural exchange between the East and the West. This might have allowed an awareness of the ancient Olympic movement to pass from Greece to China. However, this limited contact alone is unlikely to be responsible for the fundamental importance of sports to both ancient countries, where it had symbolic and practical roles in society.
2 古时候，丝绸之路作为东西方贸易往来和文化交流的渠道，确实可能让中国了解到古希腊奥林匹克运动的发展。然而，仅凭这种有限的交流，很难解释体育对这两个古代国家根深蒂固的重要性。体育在这两个国家的社会中都具有象征意义和实际作用。

3 The origins of the Olympic Games can be found in the frequent conflicts between the city states of ancient Greece. Every four years, it was agreed that the Olympic Games would act as a temporary truce. But once the Games were over, fighting would resume.
3 奥林匹克运动会的起源可追溯到希腊各城邦间的频繁冲突。这些城邦达成协议，每隔四年举办一次奥林匹克运动会，暂时休战。而运动会一结束，战争又会继续。

4 Yet historical research and studies in sociology suggest that sports are not simply substitutes for conflicts. It seems that wherever there are human activities, there are sports. One reason for this is the need to keep fit for survival. From the time humans began to make tools from stone, they knew that greater physical strength would allow them to use the tools with greater efficiency. Thus, the origin of sports appears to lie in human instinct, and not in human invention. However, running, swimming, jumping, and throwing were not simply skills which needed to be developed to get more food. In due course, these same skills – such as the skill of shooting with a bow and arrow – appear in the myths of many countries, including Greece and China. For example, Odysseus was said to have killed rivals courting his wife with a bow and arrow. Similarly, during Emperor Yao’s period, Hou Yi was said to have shot down nine of the ten suns in the sky which had burned all the plants on Earth.
4 然而，社会学领域的历史研究表明，体育运动不仅仅只是冲突的替代品。似乎哪里有人类活动，哪里就有体育运动。原因之一是为了生存，人们需要保持健康。自用石头制造工具时起，人类就知道充沛的体力能使他们高效地使用工具。因此，运动似乎源于人类的本能，而不是人类的发明。然而，跑步、游泳、跳跃、投掷并非只是人类为了获取食物而培养出的技能。人类发展到一定时期，这些技能——如弓箭射击——开始出现在包括希腊和中国在内的许多国家的神话中。例如，据说奥德修斯用弓箭射杀了追求她妻子的情敌们。与之类似，在尧帝时期，据说天上有十个太阳，把所有的植物都烤焦了，后羿用弓箭射下了其中的九个。

5 There are further similar features between sports in Greece and China. Sports were used as a form of military training in both countries to improve an army’s ability to beat the enemy with or without weapons. In ancient China, this included fighting without weapons, horse racing, stone throwing, hunting, and swimming. During the Spring and Autumn Period, swimming pools were built and prizes were awarded to good swimmers among the troops. Similar sports were also common in ancient Greece, especially in Sparta, where military training was part of the formal education of boys.
5 希腊和中国的体育运动还有更多相似的特征。在这两个国家，体育都被用作军事训练的一种形式，以增强军队徒手或用武器击败敌人的能力。在古代中国，这种训练就包括徒手搏击、赛马、掷石、狩猎和游泳。春秋时期，人们建造了游泳池，还对军队中的游泳健将们进行奖励。类似的运动在古希腊也很普遍，尤其是在斯巴达，在那里军事训练是男孩正规教育的一部分。

6 Sporting activities in both countries were often combined with dancing. When hit by rain and flooding, the ancient Chinese people would dance vigorously in order to relax stiff joints and muscles, and to get rid of gloomy moods. Military training in Sparta included dancing, and the ancient Olympic Games included dancing competitions. In the modern era, this form of movement and rhythm can be still seen in figure skating and gymnastics.
6 在这两个国家，体育活动经常与舞蹈结合在一起。在遭受暴雨洪水时，古代中国人会起劲地跳舞来放松僵硬的关节和肌肉，驱散郁闷的心情。斯巴达的军事训练包含了舞蹈，古代奥运会也有舞蹈比赛项目。到了现代，人们还是能在花样滑冰和体操项目中看到这种富有动感和节奏的运动形式的影子。

7 Furthermore, in both countries, sports were integrated into the education system. In ancient China, nearly all places of learning taught traditional forms of fighting during the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties. The basic contents of school teaching were concluded as the six arts, referring to rituals, music, shooting with a bow and arrow, driving a horse-drawn vehicle, writing, and mathematics. All of these paid attention to the moral, physical, and intellectual development of pupils. The great educator Confucius was a fine athlete himself, highly skilled in shooting with a bow and arrow, fishing, hunting, and hill-climbing. Similarly, in ancient Greece, the great philosopher Plato advised that physical training and health education should be included in the school curriculum, alongside philosophy, music, and literature.
7 此外，在古代中国和希腊，体育运动也融入了教育体系。在中国的夏、商、周时期，几乎所有的学府都教授传统形式的搏击。学校教学的基本内容概括为六艺，即礼、乐、射、御、书、数。这些技艺均注重学生德、体、智方面的发展。伟大的教育家孔子就是一位运动健将，擅长射箭、垂钓、狩猎和爬山。类似地，在古希腊，伟大的哲学家柏拉图主张将体育锻炼和健康教育融入学校的课程中，和哲学、音乐、文学一起构成教学内容。

8 Sports in ancient Greece and ancient China had a lot in common, as they were both combined with military training, dancing, and education. In the modern era, cultural exchanges between China and Greece are more frequent. There is no doubt that the two countries will further strengthen the communication in sports, and promote public fitness together.
8 古希腊和古代中国的体育运动有很多共同点，因为它们都与军事训练、舞蹈和教育相结合。近代以来，中希文化交流更加频繁。毫无疑问，两国将进一步加强体育交流，共同促进全民健身。

为什么你的闲暇时间受到威胁

Why your leisure time is in danger

1 As Europe was recovering from the Second World War, the philosopher Josef Pieper was wondering about leisure. “A time like the present,” he admitted, “seems, of all times, not to be a time to speak of ‘leisure.’” But such periods of recovery, Pieper argued, were also an opportunity for societies to reconsider their collective goals, ideals, and values.
1 当欧洲从第二次世界大战中复苏时，哲学家约瑟夫·皮珀开始思考闲暇。“自古以来，”他承认，“现在这样的时代似乎不是谈论‘闲暇’的时候。”但皮珀认为，这种复苏时期也是社会重新考虑其集体目标、理想和价值观的机会。

2 And today once again, we have an opportunity to rethink how we want to live.
2 今天，我们又一次有机会重新思考我们想要怎样生活。

3 Over the past few months, many experts and business columnists have been calling for a four-day workweek, paid parental leave, and tighter limits on mandatory overtime. Many of these thinkers justify proposals to give us back our time by promising that they will
contribute to overall prosperity. A well-rested workforce, the argument goes, is a more productive one, and that’s a “reward for bosses.”
3 在过去的几个月里，许多专家和商业专栏作家一直在呼吁实行每周四天工作制、带薪亲子假、更严格地限制强制性加班。这些思想家中的许多人为这些归还我们的时间的提议辩护，承诺这类提议将有助于全面繁荣。他们的论据是，休息充分的员工工作效率更高，这是“对老板的回报。”

4 The well-meaning argument illustrates a tricky paradox. Leisure is useful – but only as far as it remains leisure. Once that time is viewed as a means to improving employee mood and achieving higher growth, then leisure loses the very quality that makes it so powerful. As Pieper wrote, “Leisure is not there for the sake of work.” Leisure is doing things for their own sake, to pursue what one wants.
4 这个善意的争论说明了一个微妙的悖论。闲暇时间是有用的——但仅限于它仍然是闲暇时间。一旦这段时间被视为改善员工情绪和促进成长的手段，那么休闲就失去了使其如此强大的特质。正如皮珀所写，“闲暇不是为了工作而存在的。”闲暇是出于喜欢事情本身而做某些事，追求自己想要的东西。

5 This proposition is tougher than it seems because leisure time happens to be extremely fruitful. Pieper and the philosopher Bertrand Russell both agree that time off fuels human creativity and innovation. Russell argued that it “contributed nearly the whole of what we call civilization. It cultivated the arts and discovered the sciences; it wrote the books, invented the philosophies, and refined social relations.”
5 这个命题看似简单，实则很难做到，因为闲暇时间恰恰是极其富有成效的。皮珀和哲学家伯特兰·罗素都认为，休闲时间能激发人类的创造力和创新能力。罗素认为，它“几乎贡献了我们所说的整个文明。它培植了艺术，发现了科学；产生了各种著作，发明了哲学，并改进了社会关系。”

6 Many of us know this for ourselves: When we are hiking in nature, or under the shower, or simply daydreaming, flashes of inspiration come to us as if from nowhere.
6 我们很多人都知道这一点：当我们在大自然中徒步远足时，或在淋浴时，或只是做白日梦时，灵感的火花就会突然闪现出来。

7 At the same time that companies and policy makers are recognizing the value of leisure, employees have decided that they don’t need it. As countries grew richer over the mid-1900s, average working hours decreased and leisure increased. Then, sometime around 1985, the trend reversed. Leisure hours started falling, affecting the most well-off people within wealthy countries. The same pattern now shows up in emerging economies. The richest and the most educated are working more than they did 20 years ago.
7 正当公司和政策制定者认识到休闲的价值时，员工们已经决定他们不需要休闲了。20世纪中期，随着各国日益富裕，平均工作时间减少，休闲时间增加。随后，在1985年前后，这种趋势发生了逆转。休闲时间开始减少，影响到了富裕国家中生活最优裕的人群。同样的模式现在出现在新兴经济体。最富有和受教育程度最高的人群比他们20年前工作时间更长。

8 We yearn to “make the most of” our free time, so we are constantly giving our evenings, weekends, and vacations over to our self-advancement. Pure leisure now feels like pure indulgence.
8 我们渴望“充分利用”我们的空闲时间，所以经常把晚上、周末和假期用来自我提升。纯粹的休闲现在感觉就像纯粹的放纵。

9 How did people come to view leisure as a means to an end? In a reflection of leisure’s paradoxical quality, calls for its expansion came first from idealists thinking about human dignity. Later these calls were embraced by pragmatists looking at input-output tables.
9 人们是怎么把休闲看作达到目的的手段的？在对休闲矛盾性质的思考中，增加休闲时间的呼声首先来自思考人类尊严的理想主义者。后来，这些呼吁被研究投入产出表的实用主义者所接受。

10 In the 1920s, in an interview following the reforms of a factory which shortened the workweek from six to five days, the person in charge explained, “It is high time to rid ourselves of the notion that leisure for workmen is either ‘lost time’ or a class privilege.” On the basis of such solemn words, one might almost mistake him for an advocate of the good life. He was quick to correct that impression. “Of course,” he went on, “there is a humanitarian side to the shorter day and the shorter week, but dwelling on that side is likely to get one into trouble, for then leisure may be put before work instead of after work– where it belongs.” He found that with their additional day off, his workers showed up “so fresh and keen that they are able to put their minds as well as their hands into their work.”
10 上世纪20年代，一家工厂进行改革，将每周工作时间从6天缩短到5天，其负责人随后在接受采访时解释说：“我们有一种观念，认为工人的休息不是‘浪费时间’就是阶级特权。现在是时候摆脱这种观念了。”基于这些郑重的言辞，人们可能会误以为他是一个提倡美好生活的人。他很快就纠正了这种印象。“当然，”他接着说，“较短的工作日和较短的工作周有人道主义的一面，但过分强调这一方面很可能会让人陷入麻烦，因为那样的话，休闲可能会被置于工作之先，而不是工作之后——它应该在工作之后。”他发现，工人们多休息一天，上班的时候会“精力充沛、积极热情，能够全身心地投入到工作中。”

11 What is so bad about the unspoken alliance between idealists and pragmatists? If leisure is justified by its contribution to other social ends, it stands to lose any perceived worth as soon as it comes into conflict with those goals. An eventual clash between the two will always be settled in favor of work. The result is unused vacation days. And even when employees take time off, they feel an urge to log in to their work email between dips in the ocean.
11 理想主义者和实用主义者之间心照不宣的联盟有什么不好呢？如果休闲的合理性是由它对其他社会目标的贡献来证明的，那么一旦它与这些目标发生冲突，它就会失去所有已发觉的价值。两者之间的冲突最终总会以有利于工作的方式得到解决。其结果就是休假日不去休假。即使员工们休假了，他们也会有一种冲动，想在海里游泳的间隙登录工作电子邮件。

12 People don’t have to explain why they want to have leisure time. Yes, this leisure time might generate great benefits for our knowledge economy. It might unintentionally lead to some brilliant lines of code, innovation never seen before, and a flourishing of culture. And policy makers may need to hear about those benefits. But as individuals, we gain from preserving a space for doing things for their own sake.
12 人们不需要解释为什么想有闲暇时间。是的，闲暇时间可能会为我们的知识经济带来巨大的好处。它可能会无意中产生一些精彩的代码，前所未有的创新，以及文化的繁荣。政策制定者可能需要了解这些好处。但作为个人，我们为自己喜欢做的事保留一个空间，这对我们有好处。

生活在中国的科技奇迹时代

Living in China’s age of technological miracles

1 If China were able to build a time machine and send one of its citizens to a rural area back in the late 1970s, that person would probably be subject to a life without electronics and illuminated by only kerosene lamps. Communication with family and friends would rely on mail carriers. If they took a long-distance trip to an urban area, they would have to sit in a slow-moving train for hours or days. In the city, they would find that grocery shopping would require different coupons for different products.
1 如果中国能造出一台时间机器并将一位市民送回70年代末的农村地区，这个穿越者很可能会经历没有电子设备、只能靠煤油灯照明的日子。与亲朋好友的交流将完全依靠邮差；如果长途旅行去市区，他们将不得不在缓慢行驶的火车上坐上数个小时甚至是好几天；在城里，他们会发现去杂货店买东西需要不同产品的票证。

2 China may not be able to build a time machine, but revisiting the past can help us see how China’s achievements in science and technology over the past several decades have completely changed the most basic aspects of life that many now take for granted.
2 或许中国无法制造出时间机器，但回顾过去，有助于我们看到中国在科技方面的进步如何彻底改变了许多人现在习以为常的生活的基本方面。

From kerosene lamps to UHV power lines
从煤油灯到特高压输电线路

3 Ms. Xing, a 65-year-old retiree, remembers her life as a young woman, and how a typical evening scene back in the 1970s included family members sitting around a kerosene lamp. Later on, when electric lights became available, kerosene lamps, candles, and flashlights remained necessary alternatives for a long time in the face of constant power failures.
3 65岁的退休人员邢女士回忆起自己年轻时的生活，20世纪70年代典型的夜晚场景是一家人围坐在一盏煤油灯边。后来电灯开始普及。但是，面对不时的停电，煤油灯、蜡烛和手电筒在很长一段时间内仍然是必要的替代品。

4 Fast-forward five decades, and a reliable electricity supply is no longer a problem in China. At the same time, artificial illumination has become both functional and fun. Ms. Xing now has a few color-changing lights that respond to her touch and can sync with music. She says she’s now got used to the presence of a wide range of smart electronics and home appliances.
4 快进50年，稳定的电力供应在中国已经不再是问题。与此同时，人工照明已经变得既实用又有趣。邢女士现在拥有几盏触觉感应变色灯，还能与音乐同步。她说自己现在已经习惯了各种各样的智能电子产品和家用电器的存在。

5 Today, China’s power supply features a gradual shift toward renewable energy and a wide-reaching network of ultra-high voltage (UHV) power lines. This allows for increased transmission capacity, extended transmission distance, and reduced transmission loss. China has installed the world’s longest UHV transmission lines, connecting its vast inland regions to its energy-thirsty coastal areas, putting China in the top 20 countries with the highest quality of power supply.
5 如今，中国的电力供应逐渐转向可再生能源，并拥有大范围的特高压（UHV）输电线路网。特高压输电能够增加输送容量，延长传输距离，还能减少输电损耗。中国已建成世界上最长的特高压输电线路，将广阔的内陆地区与能源匮乏的沿海地区相连接，使得中国跻身电力供应质量最高的20个国家之列。

From mail carriers to 5G networks
从邮递员到5G网络

6 Another important technological miracle is the huge leap China has taken in its development of the 5G network. This accomplishment can be explained by the country’s continued, forward-looking commitment to updating its telecom infrastructure.
6 另一项重要的科技奇迹便是中国在发展5G网络方面取得的巨大飞跃。这样的成就源于中国能够富有前瞻性地不断致力于更新电信基础设施。

7 Nowadays, people have become accustomed to the ease and efficiency of modern means of communication. It is only in TV shows or movies from the past that we sometimes witness someone making a call on a public rotary-dial telephone. The eagerness with which people waited for the arrival of postmen so they could connect with friends or family members, so typical of the 1960s and 1970s, is also a thing of the past.
7 如今的人们早已习惯了现代通信手段的便捷和高效。只有在过去的电视剧或电影中，我们才能偶尔看见有人使用转盘拨号式公用电话。二十世纪六、七十年代常见的人们为了能与家人或朋友联系而翘首期盼邮递员到来的情形也已经不复存在。

8 With one billion strong population of Internet users, China is at the forefront of mobile communication. Tech-capable smartphone users now live in a world connected through the mobile Internet. Real-time video calls or conferences, mobile payments, online shopping, and car-hailing, among other activities, are all powered by the country’s impressive mobile network.
8 中国有着多达十亿的互联网用户，处于移动通信方面的前沿。科技智能手机的使用者如今生活在一个由移动互联网连接的世界。实时视频通话或会议、移动支付、网购、网约车等功能全部都是由该国令人印象深刻的移动网络所提供。

From slow-moving trains to high-speed travel
从慢速列车到高速旅行

9 China’s miraculous rise in the tech world is also represented by the high-speed rail (HSR) technology and bullet trains. Thanks to the tireless efforts of several generations of scientists, engineers, and railway workers, China has become a frontrunner in this field.
9 中国在科技方面奇迹般崛起还体现在高速铁路（HSR）技术和动车。得益于数代科学家、工程师和铁路工人的不懈努力，中国已成为这一领域的领先者。

10 Boasting the largest HSR network in the world, China now has more mileage of high-speed track than the rest of the world put together. HSR has become a symbol of the country’s economic strength, rapid modernization, growing technological capabilities, and increasing prosperity.
10 中国拥有世界上最大的高速铁路网，高铁线路总里程更是比全球其他国家加起来还长。高铁已经成为中国的经济实力、快速现代化、日益提升的科技实力以及不断繁荣的象征。

11 Riding on a super-fast, comfortable, five-hour train from Shanghai to Beijing, Liu, a frequent traveler, recalls a scene in the past when it took a 20-hour train ride for the same trip. Standing in the train for a whole night, enduring its slow movement, he felt his feet go completely numb by the time he reached his destination. What a dramatic change China’s modern HSR has brought to people’s lives!
11 经常出行的刘先生乘坐一辆超快、舒适的列车，花五个小时从上海去往北京。他回忆起以前的一幕，那时同样的旅程需要花费二十个小时。他得在火车上站整整一夜，忍耐着缓慢的行驶速度。当到达目的地时他的脚已经完全麻了。中国现代高铁技术给人们的生活带来了巨大的改变。

From food coupons to facial recognition payment
从粮票到人脸识别支付

12 China’s amazing progress in artificial intelligence over the past decade is surely another technological miracle that can’t be overlooked. The economy is becoming more innovation-oriented and this has prioritized AI, alongside big data and cloud computing, to power economic growth.
12 过去十年，中国在人工智能方面取得的惊人进步无疑是另一项不容忽视的技术奇迹。经济变得更加以创新为导向，这也使得人工智能技术与大数据和云计算一起优先推动经济增长。

13 As an outcome of the country’s impressive advancements in AI, a growing number of railway stations now use facial recognition ticket-checking machines. Also, there has been an explosive growth in facial recognition payment. Being able to pay for things just by scanning their faces with their phones, most youngsters today can’t imagine life when families had to rely on food coupons (known as liang piao in Chinese) to buy rice and flour half a century ago.
13 由于中国在人工智能技术方面取得了令人印象深刻的进步，越来越多的火车站现在都在使用面部识别检票机。此外，人脸识别支付也出现了爆炸式的增长。现在的大多数年轻人只需用手机扫一下脸就可以买到东西，他们无法想象半个世纪前，人们必须依靠食品券（中文称为粮票）购买大米和面粉的生活。

14 Over the past few decades the pace and the extent of technological changes that have happened in China are nothing short of amazing. With China’s pursuit of further scientific and technological advances, life for Chinese people will be even more technologically progressive in the years ahead.
14 在过去的几十年里，中国发生的技术变革的速度及程度令人惊叹。随着中国对科技发展的进一步追求，中国人民的生活在未来将会更加先进。

生活中的倒霉事能得到解释吗？

Can bad luck be explained?

1 Have you heard about Murphy’s Law? If it can go wrong, it will. Toast always lands butter side down. It always rains on holidays. You never win the lottery, but other people you know seem to … Do you ever get the impression that you were born unlucky? Even the most rational person can be convinced at times that there is a force out there making setbacks occur at the worst possible time.
1 你听说过墨菲定律吗? 凡是可能出错的，必定会出错。掉到地上的吐司总是抹了黄油的那一面贴地。每逢节假日必定下雨。你买彩票从来没中过奖, 但是你认识的人里似乎有人会中……你是不是觉得自己生来就是个倒霉蛋？即使是最理智的人有时候也会对此深信不疑，认为冥冥之中有一种力量让他们在最糟糕的时期里灾祸连连。

2 Part of the explanation for bad luck is mathematical, but part is psychological. Indeed there is a very close connection between people’s perception of bad luck and interesting coincidences.
2 厄运的原因有一部分是数学问题, 还有一部分是心理问题。的确，人们对厄运的感知和一些有意思的巧合之间有着紧密的联系。

3 Take the belief that “bad things always happen in threes,” for example. This popular notion would be unlikely to stand the scrutiny of any scientific study, but it must have some basis in experience, otherwise the phrase would not exist. What might be the rational explanation?
3 就拿 “坏事成三”这种看法来说吧，这种流传甚广的观念可能根本经不起科学的检验，但是它必定有一些经验基础, 否则这个说法就不会存在。那么，怎样的解释才是合理的呢？

4 The first question is, “What is bad?”
4 首先考虑的问题是“什么算是坏事？”

5 Some things are only marginally bad, for example, the train arriving five minutes late. Some are extremely bad, such as failing an exam or being sacked. So “badness” is much better represented as being part of a range rather than something which is there or not there.
5 有些事情只是稍稍有点不好，比如火车晚点五分钟。有些事情则是糟糕透顶，比如考试不及格，或是被炒鱿鱼。所以我们更应该把事情的好坏看成是一个程度的问题，而不是非好即坏。

6 When it comes to bad things happening in threes, what may be most important of all is the duration and memorability of the first event. Take a burst pipe while you are away on holiday, for example. It may take less than an hour to flood the house, but this one bad event can remain alive and kicking for many months. The cleaning-up operation and the debate with your insurers act as constant reminders of the original event.
6 谈到坏事成三的问题，其中最关键的因素是第一件倒霉事持续的时间有多久及给人的印象深不深。比如说，你外出度假期间家里的水管爆裂了。也许不到一个小时你的家就变成了一片汪洋，而在接下来的几个月中你的脑子会不停地想起这桩倒霉事，因为你要把房子清理干净，还要和保险公司就赔偿问题讨价还价，这些都会让你不断地想起此事。

7 The longer the first bad event sticks in your mind, the more opportunities you will have to experience two more bad events. A month later someone bumps the back of your car, and a week after that you lose your wedding ring. The mind, which is already on a low from the first event, will quickly leap to connect the subsequent misfortunes as part of a series. It doesn’t matter that there could be a two-month period over which everything happened. The time period has been extended as long as is necessary to confirm the original forecast.
7 第一件倒霉事困扰你的时间越长，你在之后遇到另外两件倒霉事的可能性就越大。说不定一个月之后，你的车被追尾了。又过了一个星期，你的结婚戒指不见了。出了第一件倒霉事，你本来情绪就很低落，此时便会迅速把接下来发生的事情联系到一起，看作是相互关联的一连串事件。即使这几件事情的时间跨度可能长达两个月之久，那也不会改变你的看法。这个时间跨度可以任意延长，直至能够证明你之前的预言是对的。

8 In bad luck there is an inclination to look for examples which confirm the theory, and ignore those which don’t. Single bad events happen all the time. That alone should be enough to disprove the theory. Bad things also come in twos. But it is more likely that a friend will tell you, “Three bad things have happened, isn’t that typical!” than “Only two bad things have happened, which proves the theory wrong.” After all, the latter is asking for trouble!
8 倒霉的时候，人们总是倾向于寻找能证实“坏事成三”这一理论的事例，而忽视那些有出入的例子。孤立的倒霉事每时每刻都在发生。仅凭这一点就可以推翻这一理论了。坏事也可以是成双出现的。但是你的朋友更有可能会对你说：“我一连碰到了三件倒霉事，可真是应了那句俗话！”，而不是说：“我只碰上了两件倒霉事，这不正好证明了‘坏事成三’这个说法不成立吗？”毕竟，说后一种话是在自找麻烦！

9 There is, however, at least one rational reason why bad events might group together. It is related to probability and independence. Unlucky events are not always independent of each other. Anyone who is made redundant is bound to suffer some depression. That will lower the body’s defences, making the person vulnerable to illness, and also making them less alert and responsive. So while the probability of being made redundant or of becoming sick may be small, the chance of both occurring together is almost certainly higher than the product of the two probabilities.
9 不过，至少有一个合理的解释可以说明为什么坏事会扎堆。这涉及到概率和独立性的问题。并不是所有的倒霉事都互无关联。任何一个人在被解雇之后都会心情抑郁，这会降低他们身体的抵抗力，使他们更容易生病，而身体反应也不会像以前那么警觉灵敏。因此，虽然人们被裁员或生病的概率都很小，但是这两件事同时发生的可能性几乎肯定要高于这两种概率的乘积。

10 So much for the general pattern of bad luck in life. Let’s get on to a specific example that everyone has encountered: You are in a hurry and the traffic light is always red. To simplify the situation, think of a traffic light as being like tossing a coin, with a 50-percent chance of being red, and 50-percent of being green. Let’s say you have six traffic lights on your journey. The chance of six green lights is the same as the chance of a coin landing on the same side six times in a row. That’s a probability of 1/64.
10 关于日常生活中出现倒霉事的常见模式就说到这里。我们接下来来看一个大家都遇到过的具体例子：你在赶时间，而交通灯总是红色的。为了便于理解，我们可以把交通灯看作是投掷一枚硬币，出现红灯和绿灯的概率各为50%。如果你路上遇到六个交通灯，出现六个绿灯的机会与硬币连续六次落在同一面的概率相同，为六十四分之一。

11 Red lights come up just as often when the driver is not in a hurry; it’s just that the disadvantage of the red light is considerably less if time is not critical. The false part of the perception is that red lights happen more than green lights. The reason for this is simply that a driver has more time to think about a red light than a green light. While a green light is gone in seconds, the red light forces a change of behavior, a moment of stress, and then a loss of freedom for a minute or so. Red lights stick in the mind, while green lights are instantly forgotten.
11 司机在不赶时间的时候碰到的红灯其实和赶时间的时候一样多；只是如果时间不紧急，红灯带来的不便要小得多。认为红灯出现的次数比绿灯多其实是一种错觉。产生这种错觉的原因很简单，因为司机有更多的时间去想红灯。在绿灯的时候，车子几秒钟之内就疾驰而过了，而红灯却迫使司机改变驾驶行为，出现片刻的紧张，还要失去一分钟左右的自由。所以红灯会在司机的脑海中挥之不去，而绿灯则在转瞬间就被抛到了脑后。

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